What About Underwriters Laboratory (UL)?

History of Underwriters Laboratory

The story of Underwriters Laboratory begins in the late 19th century when electricity was becoming more widely used in homes and businesses. At the time, there were no standardized safety requirements for electrical devices, leading to numerous fires and accidents. In response to this growing concern, William Henry Merrill, an electrical engineer, founded Underwriters Laboratory in 1894 to develop safety standards and test products for potential hazards.

Initially, UL focused on testing and certifying fire safety equipment, such as fire extinguishers and sprinkler systEMS. However, as electricity became more prevalent, the organization expanded its scope to include the testing and certification of electrical products, such as light fixtures, appliances, and wiring devices.

Over the years, UL has continued to grow and evolve, adapting to new technologies and safety challenges. Today, the organization operates in more than 140 countries and tests a wide range of products, from consumer electronics and household appliances to industrial equipment and building materials.

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Purpose and Mission of Underwriters Laboratory

The primary purpose of Underwriters Laboratory is to promote safe living and working environments by testing and certifying products to ensure they meet rigorous safety standards. UL’s mission is to “work for a safer world,” and the organization strives to achieve this goal through its various services, standards, and certifications.

UL’s commitment to safety extends beyond product testing and certification. The organization also conducts research, provides education and outreach programs, and collaborates with stakeholders across industries to develop and maintain safety standards that keep pace with evolving technologies and consumer needs.

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” 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UL Standards and Certifications

Underwriters Laboratory develops and maintains a wide range of safety standards covering various products, systems, and materials. These standards are developed through a consensus-based process that involves input from industry experts, manufacturers, regulators, and consumer advocates.

Some of the key areas in which UL develops standards include:

  • Electrical and electronic products
  • Fire protection equipment
  • Building materials and systems
  • Personal protective equipment
  • Sustainability and environmental health
  • Cybersecurity and interoperability

Products that meet UL’s rigorous safety standards are eligible to bear the UL mark, which is widely recognized as a symbol of safety and quality. The UL mark can be found on billions of products worldwide, ranging from small household appliances to large industrial equipment.

Types of UL Marks

There are several types of UL marks, each indicating a specific level of compliance with UL standards. Some of the most common UL marks include:

Mark Description
UL Listed Indicates that a product has been tested and certified to meet UL’s safety standards.
UL Classified Indicates that a product has been evaluated for specific properties, such as flammability or electrical performance.
UL Recognized Component Indicates that a component has been tested and certified for use in a complete product or system.
UL Verified Indicates that a product, process, or facility has been independently verified to meet specific performance or sustainability criteria.

Impact of Underwriters Laboratory

The impact of Underwriters Laboratory on product safety and consumer confidence cannot be overstated. By developing and maintaining rigorous safety standards, UL has helped to reduce the risk of fires, electrical hazards, and other product-related accidents, saving countless lives and preventing billions of dollars in property damage.

In addition to its direct impact on product safety, UL has also played a key role in shaping regulatory requirements and industry best practices. Many countries and jurisdictions have adopted UL standards as the basis for their own safety regulations, and manufacturers often use UL certification as a benchmark for product quality and safety.

UL’s impact extends beyond the realm of product safety, as well. The organization’s sustainability and environmental health standards have helped to promote more eco-friendly and socially responsible practices across industries, while its cybersecurity and interoperability standards have helped to ensure the safety and reliability of connected devices and systems.

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” 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UL’s Services and Offerings

In addition to its product testing and certification services, Underwriters Laboratory offers a wide range of other services and offerings designed to support manufacturers, retailers, and consumers. Some of these services include:

Training and Education

UL provides training and education programs on a variety of safety-related topics, including product safety, regulatory compliance, and risk management. These programs are designed to help manufacturers, retailers, and other stakeholders stay up-to-date on the latest safety standards and best practices.

Advisory Services

UL offers advisory services to help companies navigate complex regulatory landscapes, optimize their supply chains, and improve their overall safety and sustainability performance. These services can include risk assessments, compliance audits, and strategic planning.

Market Access Services

UL can help companies expand into new markets by providing guidance on local regulatory requirements, testing and certification services, and market research. These services can help companies navigate the complexities of global trade and ensure that their products are compliant with local safety and quality standards.

Insights and Intelligence

UL provides insights and intelligence on a wide range of safety and sustainability topics, including emerging technologies, regulatory trends, and consumer preferences. These insights can help companies stay ahead of the curve and make informed decisions about product development, marketing, and risk management.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. What does UL stand for?
    UL stands for Underwriters Laboratory, a global safety science company that tests and certifies products for safety and quality.

  2. What types of products does UL test and certify?
    UL tests and certifies a wide range of products, including electrical and electronic products, fire protection equipment, building materials, personal protective equipment, and more.

  3. What does the UL mark mean?
    The UL mark indicates that a product has been tested and certified to meet UL’s rigorous safety standards. There are several types of UL marks, each indicating a specific level of compliance with UL standards.

  4. Is UL certification mandatory for all products?
    UL certification is not mandatory for all products, but many countries and jurisdictions have adopted UL standards as the basis for their own safety regulations. Additionally, many manufacturers use UL certification as a benchmark for product quality and safety.

  5. How can I find out if a product is UL certified?
    To find out if a product is UL certified, look for the UL mark on the product itself or its packaging. You can also search for UL certified products on UL’s online database, which is accessible through their website.

Conclusion

Underwriters Laboratory has been a driving force in product safety and consumer protection for over a century. Through its rigorous testing and certification services, UL has helped to ensure that the products we use every day are safe, reliable, and of high quality. As new technologies and safety challenges emerge, UL will continue to play a vital role in promoting safe living and working environments around the world.

By understanding the history, purpose, and impact of Underwriters Laboratory, as well as its various services, standards, and certifications, consumers and businesses can make more informed decisions about the products they use and the practices they adopt. Whether you are a manufacturer seeking to improve your product safety and compliance, or a consumer looking for reliable and trustworthy products, Underwriters Laboratory is a name you can count on for expertise, integrity, and a commitment to a safer world.

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