CD4060: Ultimate Guide for its Circuits, Operation, and More!

Introduction to the CD4060

The CD4060 is a member of the 4000 series of CMOS logic ICs, which are known for their low power consumption and wide voltage range. It is a versatile IC that can be used in a variety of applications, such as frequency dividers, timers, and oscillators.

Key Features of the CD4060

1. 14-stage ripple counter
2. Built-in oscillator circuit
3. Low power consumption
4. Wide operating voltage range (3V to 15V)
5. High noise immunity
6. Buffered outputs for each counter stage

CD4060 Pinout and Function Table

The CD4060 is available in a 16-pin DIP (Dual Inline Package) or SO (Small Outline) package. The following table shows the pinout and functions of the CD4060:

How the CD4060 Works

The CD4060 consists of a 14-stage ripple counter and an on-chip oscillator circuit. The oscillator is formed by connecting an external resistor (R) and capacitor (C) between the OSCin (pin 11) and OSCout (pin 10) pins. The oscillation frequency is determined by the values of R and C, and can be calculated using the following formula:

f = 1 / (2.2 × R × C)

where:
– f is the oscillation frequency in Hz
– R is the resistance in ohms (Ω)
– C is the capacitance in farads (F)

The oscillator signal is internally buffered and fed to the first stage of the ripple counter. Each stage of the counter divides the input frequency by two, providing a total division ratio of 2^14 (16,384) at the final output stage (Q13).

CD4060 Oscillator Circuit

To set up the CD4060 as an oscillator, follow these steps:

1. Connect the positive supply voltage (VDD) to pin 16 and ground (VSS) to pin 8.
2. Connect an external resistor (R) between pins 10 (OSCout) and 11 (OSCin).
3. Connect an external capacitor (C) between pin 11 (OSCin) and ground.
4. Optional: Connect a master reset switch between pin 15 (MR) and VDD to reset the counter when needed.

Here’s a schematic diagram of a basic CD4060 oscillator circuit:

        VDD
         |
        +-+
        |R|
        +-+
         |
  OSCout |  OSCin
  (10)---+---(11)
         |    |
        ---  ---
        |C|  |MR|
        ---  |15|
         |    |
        GND  VDD

CD4060 Counter Operation

The CD4060’s ripple counter divides the input oscillator frequency by powers of two at each output stage. The following table shows the division ratios and output frequencies for each counter stage, assuming an input oscillator frequency of 1 MHz:

Applications of the CD4060

The CD4060 finds use in a wide range of applications, thanks to its versatility and ease of use. Some common applications include:

1. Frequency dividers
2. Timer Circuits
3. Pulse generators
4. LED flashers
5. Sequencers
6. Tone Generators
7. Power-on reset circuits

CD4060 Timer Circuit Example

One popular application of the CD4060 is as a timer circuit. Here’s an example of how to create a simple timer using the CD4060:

1. Set up the CD4060 as an oscillator with a suitable R-C combination for the desired timing interval.
2. Connect the appropriate counter output (Q1-Q13) to the input of a CD4017 decade counter/divider.
3. Use the outputs of the CD4017 to drive LEDs, relays, or other devices to indicate the elapsed time or trigger events.

Here’s a schematic diagram of a CD4060-based timer circuit:

        VDD
         |
        +-+     +--------+
        |R|     |        |
        +-+     |  4017  |
         |      |        |
  OSCout |  OSCin  Reset |
  (10)---+---(11)   (15) |
         |    |         |
        ---  ---        |
        |C|  |MR|       |
        ---  |15|       |
         |    |         |
        GND  VDD        |
                        |
                 Output |
                 Stages |
                  Q0-Q9 |
                        |
                  LEDs, |
                 relays,|
                   etc. |
                        |
                       +++
                       GND

FAQ

1. Q: What is the maximum operating voltage of the CD4060?
   A: The CD4060 can operate with a supply voltage ranging from 3V to 15V.

2. Q: How can I change the oscillation frequency of the CD4060?
   A: To change the oscillation frequency, modify the values of the external resistor (R) and capacitor (C) connected to the OSCin and OSCout pins. Use the formula f = 1 / (2.2 × R × C) to calculate the desired frequency.

3. Q: What is the purpose of the master reset (MR) pin on the CD4060?
   A: The master reset (MR) pin allows you to reset the counter to its initial state (all outputs low) when a high signal is applied to it. This can be useful for synchronizing the counter or restarting a timing sequence.

4. Q: Can I cascade multiple CD4060s to achieve higher division ratios?
   A: Yes, you can connect the Q13 output of one CD4060 to the OSCin input of another CD4060 to achieve division ratios up to 2^28 (268,435,456).

5. Q: What is the typical current consumption of the CD4060?
   A: The CD4060 has very low current consumption, typically less than 1 mA when operating at a frequency of 1 MHz with a 10V supply voltage.

Conclusion

The CD4060 is a versatile and widely used CMOS integrated circuit that functions as a 14-stage ripple counter and oscillator. Its low power consumption, wide operating voltage range, and ease of use make it an ideal choice for a variety of applications, such as frequency dividers, timers, and pulse generators. By understanding the CD4060’s pinout, oscillator setup, and counter operation, you can easily incorporate this IC into your projects and harness its capabilities.